Football

(Bast)

Football

Football is a ball sport, in which two teams with eleven players (one goalkeeper and ten field players) against each other. The aim is to the ball into the opponent's goal to bring. Soccer is mainly played with the foot, but may field players also other parts of the body except their hands and arms. The goalkeeper is the only player of the team, the ball by hand must play, and even within its own penalty.


Introduction
Football is of two teams with eleven players on a rectangular playing field. The goal of the game is more often the ball into the opponent's goal to promote, as it creates the opponent. A gate counts only if the ball is fully behind the goal line. Football is both the name of the sport as well as for the gaming device itself.

The gates are now in the middle of the two short sides of the arena. Guarded they are of a particular player of the team, the goalkeeper, within the penalty the ball with the hands to play. The goalkeeper has a special clothing and equipment (goalkeeper gloves), which it visually from the other players is different. The other ten players from each team will field players mentioned and are divided into defense, midfield and attack players.

The winner is the team that achieved the most goals. With a tie the game ends a draw. The exceptions are games in so-called K.-or-Laps: As in this case a winner must be determined, the game to end the official season in the extension, is it will still undecided, the winner through a penalty shoot - . This mode is used for World and European championships, international Cup finals games, and in some countries, such as Germany, also in the national cup competition. Tournament rules, different arrangements. So even for an extension and immediately surrendered a penalty shootout. Another possibility is to extend only to the "Golden Goal" to play the first gate, then immediately the decision. It can also be used in accordance with the rules of the recent "Silver Goals" are played. This is a weakening of the "Golden Goals", in which a team wins if it at half-time break or at the end of the extension has achieved more goals. The boards of the major tournaments, however, meanwhile, after the European Championship in 2004, the "Silver Goal" was the last to re-establish the "normal" extension twice with 15 minutes played.

Spread
Football is one of the most popular and most widely distributed sports world. According to the International Football Federation FIFA played in 2006 of 265 million people in over 200 countries football. Of these, over 38 million in more than 325,000 associations. 207 countries and autonomous regions are members of FIFA. Above all, the basic rules and the small equipment for the exercise of this sport need to do the game, the world has the same rules, so popular and promoted its spread. The people follow football not only as a spectator, he is also used by many amateur in the field played. In Germany alone, six million people in over 27,000 football clubs active. In addition, there are about four million people, the so-called amateur football in their leisure time in hobby, operating or counter teams regularly play football. The Nobel Prize winner Albert Camus once said: What I finally safest of morality and responsibility know I owe football.

It is not only all over the world played football, but also millions of people regularly in football stadiums to watch the game. Especially in Europe and South America dominated the football in the sports reporting. Far more have the games in all countries of the world via television. The fan culture is predominantly male dominated and has, among other things, elements of hooliganism and homophobia (see below) must, but also opposing appearances. Women's football is in the public eye because of this male-style much less present, but he takes in some countries like the United States, an important role.

The increasing popularity of this sport also increased the number of football injuries, including due to the increased interest and the resulting increase in medienträchtigen competitions. Approximately 40 to 60 percent of sports injuries and from 3.5 to 10 percent of stays in hospital, as a result of these sports injuries are in Europe football.


Rules
Playing on open field in general is subject to the following rules: Played on a rectangular open field. In professional football serves as a grass flooring, is rare on a hard court (floor space), but increasingly played on artificial turf.

The length of the short sides (goal line) is 45 to 90 meters, the long sides (side line) from 90 to 120 meters (normal is 68 to 105 meters, these dimensions have been mandatory in 2008 national games required. The playing field is by white lines (usually lime). All lines must not exceed twelve centimeters wide. This also mark the centre line, the impetus circle, the penalty area and the goal, and the four Eckkreise.

In the middle of the short sides is ever a goal. It consists of two "pillars", by a "crossbar" are connected. The distance between the inner edges of the posts is 7.32 metres. The lower edge of the crossbar is 2.44 meters from the ground. The gates are equipped with networks which to catch the ball and a goal. Football should be about and of a suitable material such as leather.

Player of field equipment and the players are goalkeeper jersey, columns, shinguard, soccer shoes and shorts. The rules stipulate that a player no jewelry (chain, ring, earring, etc.) in play, can bear. Also glasses are prohibited unless it is medically necessary (for example, when Edgar Davids). The reason lies in the increased risk of injury if jewelry or glasses worn. The ball is allowed to play the entire body, except with arms and hands. Of except for the goalkeeper. It is as such by clothes that are significantly from the jerseys of the field players and the referee is different. It may be only during the game the ball with hands and arms touching, but only within its own penalty and only if the ball does not intentionally own players, with the foot or the knee back to him (back-pass rule). The head must be the ball back, however. Outside this zone, he behaves like a normal field player. In each team a player assumes the role of the goalkeeper, whose job normally is, as the last defensive measure to prevent enemy gates. A game can not be angepfiffen if no player is marked as a goalkeeper. Players may also exceptionally field the ball with his hands to play and the throw-in to football again in the game, after giving the side line crosses. Any other intentional touching the ball with your hand is prohibited. "Intentionally" is a hand-held game always to evaluate if a player is given a motion with the hand or arm to the ball out. If a hand wounded in a natural position, there is no intentional hand game.

The season is in the adult area 90 minutes, divided into two halves, each playing 45 minutes with a half-time break of more than 15 minutes. The actual playing time, however, is usually a few minutes longer, because the referee on the basis of the playing time interruptions to a "game time" extend.

A team consists of ten field players and a goalkeeper. Due to space references ( "Red Card" or "yellow-red card"), the number of players reduced. Overall, in the competition playing a maximum of three substitutes when needed eingewechselt, to weary or injured players to exchange or tactical changes. Already a replacement player must not again eingewechselt. If a team against one of these rules, the game 3:0 after strafverifiziert for your opponent if the opponent is not greater than 3:0 won. Can a team only less than seven aufbieten players, the referee the game at the request of the game leader of the depleted team to abort if they are at this stage in residue. In this case, the game also strafverifiziert.

Compliance with the rules of a football referee on the pitch monitored. He will play in höherklassigen two assistant referees (line judge) to the sides of the playing field. For many international games (World Cup, European Championship, European Cup, UEFA Women's Cup) and also in the Bundesliga is also another assistant, the so-called "Fourth Official". His task is to understand the behavior of the trainers, coaches and substitute players to monitor imports and substitutions and pass the injury time. Since the Football World Cup 2006, there is also a fifth officials, as the reserve for the other two assistant referees nominated.

If a player breaks the rules, the referee decides to foul. The game is interrupted, and the team, that player does not belong, receives a free kick, or if the foul was committed in the penalty area, a penalty kick. Because of the distance from the goal line to Strafstoßpunkt (eleven meters) called the penalty kick in the use of language and penalties. If the game break one for the injured crew advantageous would interrupt game situation, it is at the discretion of the referee to "advantage" to recognize and to continue the game. On direct free kick or penalty decided by the referee when the game because of a deliberate hand game or because of a foul (with body contact) was interrupted. In all other cases decided by the arbitrator at the indirect free kick. From a direct free kick a goal can be achieved. After an indirect free kick, the ball in play only if a second player (no matter which team) has touched the ball. It can therefore only a goal be achieved if a player's own or the opposing team the ball on the way into the goal untouched.

Furthermore, the football referee a warning against the players were foulenden. This shows it by the "Yellow Card". In the event of serious rule violations (such as in a serious foul) the player he can also refer to the place where it with the "red card". For reference, a place even if a player is the second yellow card in a game gets this then draws an automatic red card for sure why they are "yellow-red card". In particular, fouls or hand-held game with a field reference (red card) be punished if it Torchance a clear opponent is prevented.

The most complicated rule in football, the offside rule. The offside rule is a provision that certain field positions attacking players against the defenders of the opposing team as irregular and thus declared the attack on the opponent's goal server.

An arbitrator ball is given if a football game, without a player on the field against the game rules. For example, if a player without involving an injured opponent, the referee interrupt the game. After this, it will referee with the ball at the point where they left off, continued.

If the place due to negligence or bad weather unbespielbar so that the players run the risk to get hurt and a proper implementation of the game is not possible, the referee can cancel the game or after kick-off interrupt. Even if the floodlights at night fails, the game is interrupted. If after a certain time (usually 30 minutes) of error is not resolved, the game is cancelled. When snow must be accompanied by a red, clearly visible ball game, with eight auxiliary Strafräume flags must be labelled. The flags on the playing field at the edge Eckfahnen are mandatory. When fog is a game cancelled if the enemy gate of the opposite goal line no longer seen.

Where, in a football match teams with only women under 16-year-old players or over 35 years old or disabled players involved, the rules may be modified. The size of the playing field, the size, weight and material of the ball, the size of the gates, the duration of the game and the number of substitutions can be customized.

Rule changes are supported by the International Football Association Board discussed and decided.

Read also Football

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