Basketball

(Bast)

Basketball
Is a mostly in the hall operated ball sport in which two teams try to play the ball in the two at a height of 3.05 meters at the opposite edges of the playing field to throw baskets attached. A team consists of five field players and up to seven Auswechselspielern. Each hit in the basket of the game one out depending on the distance two or three points. A free throw counts taken a point. The winner is the team with the higher number of points.

Basketball was established in 1891 by Canadian James Naismith coach as indoor sports invented. Today, the basketball sports world, especially in the United States, a high priority. Every four years, in a different country Basketball World Championship held by the World Association of Basketball Federation Internationale de Basketball will be held.

Basketball is often described as "körperloser" sport, but this is misleading, because in essence only in the moment of the throw touching the opposite player is not allowed.

The invention of basketball
Basketball is one of the few sports that of a single person invented. The Canadian physician and teacher James Naismith developed the ball game in the year 1891 in Springfield (Massachusetts) as a sports hall for its students. James Naismith had recognized that the Kampfbetontheit in other ball sports it is that the entire game takes place in the same level (such as in American football). He was looking for a less combative sport with a low risk of injury to the 18 students in the class in the winter off. Therefore, he shifted the baskets (Sheet baskets) to a different level than the players. The janitor pop Stabbins then peach baskets attached to the 10 foot high balconies (loft) the YMCA Training School in Springfield. The coincidence was more certain Aufhängehöhe equals 3.05 metres and is still valid internationally.

To prevent viewers from the gallery basket discards can influence, was behind the basket a board mounted. The Naismith Schulsekretärin Lyons helped in the preparation of the 13 basic rules, which until now has remained almost unchanged. The first official basketball game was held on 20 January 1892 in Springfield. Within the two halves of play, with a half-time break of five minutes, was usually only one hit. Despite this low hit rate continued by James Naismith developed ball game in the USA.

In the following year, women's basketball at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts. Senda Berenson Abbott has the women's basketball at that time very influenced by the James Naismith developed basic rules changed and adapted to women. On 22 March 1893 was the first basketball game of the women at Smith College. Senda Berenson subsequently published in a women's basketball specialized magazine.


College Basketball
Soon after the invention of basketball in 1891 was the sport in colleges and universities in the United States to enforce. The first basketball game between two college teams was held on 8 April 1893 in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. The Geneva College was on that day against the New Brighton YMCA. The first basketball games were first with seven or nine players per team place. On 18 January 1896 was the first game with the current game system of only five players in Iowa City, the University of Chicago won the game with 15:12 points against the University of Iowa.

In the next few years, college basketball within the United States always popular. The renowned universities (such as the Columbia University) and colleges had their teams sponsored and supported. Due to the large number of college teams was in 1906 the Volunteer Association National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA kurz.) in Chicago. The first NCAA basketball championship for men was before 5500 spectators in 1939 in Evanston (Illinois) out. The University of Oregon, the opposing team from Ohio State University with 46:33 in the final defeat.

Also, the women's basketball has to colleges and universities developed. In 1926, the Amateur Athletic Union, the first basketball championship for women. Since listed annually NAIA championships for women. In the 1930s were also increasingly basketball tournaments between women and men organized. These were, however, always for the men's basketball rules prescribed.

The college basketball has, over the years 1948 to 1951 to lose credibility and popularity. This was mainly due to the numerous scandals manipulation (so-called match fixing), the professional teams were involved.


Emergence of the first teams
In the following years, first with panel balls, the balls resembled today's volleyball, played. Since then the rule was that the outside of the playing field gelandeter ball in the possession of that team arrives, the first reached him, the players jumped often without regard for the audience in the ranks. So that the ball did not go abroad was, it was also on the basketball field with a cage of chicken wire to fence. This "basketball cages" gave the sport its nickname "cage game" (GV cage game). How uncomfortable playing in the cages was described Barney Sedran, a player the New York Whirlwinds: "Most of us had ever cut wounds, and the court was covered with blood."

At the beginning of the 20th Century formed two famous teams in the following years in the Basketball Hall of Fame. The Buffalo Germans were among the strongest teams at the YMCA. In the year 1904, the Germans at the III. Olympic Games in St. Louis demonstrated, as basketball is not officially recognized at the IOC. Besides the Germans were the Original Celtics one of the most influential teams. In the 1920s, the Germans and the Celtics by other teams such as the New York Renaissance, or the Cleveland Rosenblums replaced. In 1925, the American Basketball League (short: ABL), which in some areas of the basketball game changed. The chicken wire or metal was abolished and replaced by ropes. In addition, the backbone Brett (Engl. back-board) behind the baskets officially introduced.

The emergence of the NBA
On 6 May 1946, the Basketball Association of America (BAA kurz.). Walter Brown, the former president of the Boston Bruins, and Edward Gottlieb are among the founding members of this league. The Philadelphia Warriors (later Golden State Warriors) won the first finals series in the league with 4:1 victories against the Chicago Stags. In the year 1949, this division in the National Basketball Association (NBA briefly) renamed. The best-known players of the 1940s were Bob Davies and George Mikan.

The American entrepreneur Fred Zollner was the owner of the Fort Wayne Pistons (later Detroit Pistons) many changes in the basketball field. Since the year 1952, his team with a team plane to the basketball games transported. He helped the BAA in the NBA and was financially important to rule changes (eg Wurfuhr). On 1 October 1999, he became a supporter in the Basketball Hall of Fame.

Basketball today
A major advance in the world, the perception of basketball in 1992, when at the Olympic Games in Barcelona the first time professionals were allowed in the American national team (also called "Dream Team"), her legendary triumph replayability. In subsequent years, the presence of basketball in the media more and more. Renowned basketball players like Michael Jordan represented the sport in known advertising campaigns or on the front pages of various magazines.

The sport is basketball, in many countries of the world. Most European countries have their own basketball league, and in many countries more and more training camps instead of the regular players the basic principle and the manner of teaching. In addition to the games and championships, there are also many events (such as the "And1 Mixtape" tour), which are sponsored by companies and the entertainment.

Basketball International
At the beginning of the 20th Century has been basketball in various countries around the world. The year 1902 was the first by James Naismith write rules in the English language. Four years later, basketball in Italy. In 1913, the sport in Puerto Rico received friendly and celebrated. In the following years, basketball in many other countries presented (including 1916 in Bulgaria and Albania in 1917 and in Greece).

In 1923 the Soviet Union took place in the first national championship for men. By the end of the 1920s enjoyed basketball rising popularity. The year 1930 was held from 6 To 14 December, the first continental championship for men in South America, in which Uruguay was able to prevail against Argentina. The first step for the international acceptance of this sport was laid in 1930, when the International Olympic Committee (short: IOC) Basketball named to the Olympic sport. In 1932, the World Basketball Association "FIBA" founded in Geneva (see associations and leagues). The World Basketball Association, the international rules and improved the presence of the basketball world.

In the early 1930s, developed the basketball in Germany steadily. The teacher Hermann Niebuhr presented his experience, he on a trip to Istanbul had gathered, the students in some universities in India. In the next few years, formed the first basketball department at the "Vfl 1848 Bad Kreuznach", which reinforces for the dissemination of basketball in Germany initiated. After the end of the Second World War, the game resumed operation in Germany. During this period was the first German Basketball Association, the Hamburg Basketball Association eV On 1 Finally, in October 1949, the German Basketball Confederation (DBO) in Dusseldorf. This national association has been the focus of the German Basketball Championship. With the founding of the Basketball League (BBL briefly) in the year 1966 was the first time a professional basketball league in Germany.

Basketball was in 1936 when the Summer Olympics in 1936 in Berlin officially played. The game was divided into two halves, each playing 20 minutes and on the tennis courts Reich practiced sports field. The finale was the American national team against Canada with 19:8 enforce. The year 1950 was the first official FIBA World Championship Men "in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The Argentine basketball team was in the final against the United States to enforce.

Three years later took place in Santiago de Chile, the first official "Basketball World Championship for women". In the year 1976, women's basketball officially by the IOC at the Olympic sports.

The basketball sports today in many European countries (for example, in Spain or Greece), and South American countries (such as in Brazil or Argentina) a high priority. The FIBA World Championship 2006 in Japan, the men won the Spanish basketball team with 70:47 against the team from Greece. In the previous FIBA World Championships were countries such as Serbia and Montenegro, Yugoslavia and Russia very successful.

Read also Basketball

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